@article{ref1,
title="Evolutionary dynamics of fearfulness and boldness",
journal="Journal of theoretical biology",
year="2009",
author="Ji, Ting and Zhang, Boyu and Sun, Yuehua and Tao, Yi",
volume="256",
number="4",
pages="637-643",
abstract="A negative relationship between reproductive effort and survival is consistent with life-history. Evolutionary dynamics and evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) for the trade-off between survival and reproduction are investigated using a simple model with two phenotypes, fearfulness and boldness. The dynamical stability of the pure strategy model and analysis of ESS conditions reveal that: (i) the simple coexistence of fearfulness and boldness is impossible; (ii) a small population size is favorable to fearfulness, but a large population size is favorable to boldness, i.e., neither fearfulness, nor boldness is always favored by natural selection; and (iii) the dynamics of population density is crucial for a proper understanding of the strategy dynamics.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-5193",
doi="10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.10.009",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.10.009"
}