@article{ref1,
title="The Influence of Competition and Lack of Emotional Expression in Perpetuating Steroid Abuse and Dependence Among Male Weightlifters",
journal="International journal of men's health",
year="2002",
author="Khorrami, Sam and Franklin, John",
volume="1",
number="1",
pages="119-133",
abstract="Addiction to anabolic-androgenic steroids among male weightlifters has historically been conceptualized and treated from a substance abuse-recovery model. This study, in contrast, examined steroid abuse and dependence through a men's issues model. Specifically, this qualitative investigation examined several themes related to competition, lack of emotional expression, body image, aggression, and the endorsement of the traditional male sex-role in perpetuating steroid abuse and dependence. Using a case study methodology, two male weightlifters in their mid-20s (who had discontinued steroid abuse for several years) served as participants (informants). Each informant was interviewed twice. Three risk factors of steroid abuse that stemmed from a men's issues model were identified and discussed. Clinicians who work with male athletes (at risk for steroid abuse) are encouraged to be cognizant of such risk factors.<p />",
language="",
issn="1532-6306",
doi="10.3149/jmh.0101.119",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jmh.0101.119"
}