@article{ref1,
title="Aggression of psychiatric patients associated with the use of as-needed medication",
journal="Pharmacopsychiatry",
year="2007",
author="Goedhard, L. E. and Stolker, J. J. and Nijman, H. L. I. and Egberts, A. C. G. and Heerdink, E. R.",
volume="40",
number="1",
pages="25-29",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Previous studies showed that aggression is an important reason to prescribe as-needed medication. The objective of this study was to compare the use of as-needed medication in aggressive and non-aggressive psychiatric patients and to explore patterns of administration of as-needed medication around aggressive incidents. METHODS: An observational study in three psychiatric wards was conducted. Incidence densities of as-needed medication were determined for aggressive and non-aggressive patients and expressed as incidence density ratios [IDRs]. Intensity of as-needed medication used before and following aggressive incidents were determined within a 48-hours time-window. RESULTS: Aggressive patients had an increased use of both psychotropic and somatic as-needed medication (IDR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.2-2.7 and IDR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.8-2.4, respectively). Of the psychotropic medication for aggressive patients, 15% was administered in a time-window of 48 hours around an aggressive incident; in this time-window more as-needed medication was administered following an aggressive incident compared to earlier treatments. CONCLUSION: An increased use of both psychotropic and somatic as-needed medication is associated with aggressive behavior. Psychotropic as-needed medication is more frequently administered shortly after an aggressive incident than shortly before. However, more often as-needed medication is administered outside the 48 hours time-window around an aggressive incident.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0176-3679",
doi="10.1055/s-2007-961817",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-961817"
}