@article{ref1,
title="A further examination of gender differences in alcohol-related aggression",
journal="Journal of studies on alcohol",
year="2005",
author="Gussler-Burkhardt, Natasha L. and Giancola, Peter R.",
volume="66",
number="3",
pages="413-422",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to replicate and extend findings from a previous study on the acute effects of alcohol on aggressive behavior in men and women in a laboratory setting. METHOD: Subjects were 234 (111 men and 123 women) healthy social drinkers between 21 and 35 years of age. They were randomly assigned to either an alcohol or a placebo group. Aggression was measured using a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm, in which electric shocks are received from and administered to a fictitious opponent during a supposed competitive interpersonal task. Aggression was operationalized as the intensity and duration of shocks that subjects administered to their &quot;opponent.&quot; RESULTS: Provocation was a stronger elicitor of aggression than either gender or alcohol. Overall, alcohol increased aggression for men but not for women. CONCLUSIONS: In conjunction with other laboratory investigations on alcohol-related aggression, this study suggests that alcohol increases aggression for men but not for women. This finding may be due to gender-related differences in liability thresholds for aggression as well as discrepancies in how men and women respond to different forms of provocation.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0096-882X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}