@article{ref1,
title="Gender differences in criminality: bipolar disorder with co-occurring substance abuse",
journal="The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law",
year="2005",
author="Friedman, Susan Hatters and Shelton, Melvin D. and Elhaj, Omar and Youngstrom, Erik A. and Rapport, Daniel J. and Packer, Kristene A. and Bilali, Sarah R. and Jackson, Kelly Sak and Sakai, Heather E. and Resnick, Phillip J. and Findling, Robert L. and Calabrese, Joseph R.",
volume="33",
number="2",
pages="188-195",
abstract="Outpatient interviews to collect criminal history data were conducted with 55 women and 77 men who had the dual diagnosis of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder with co-morbid substance abuse disorders (DD-RCBD), to ascertain gender-related similarities and differences. Fifty-three percent of women and 79 percent of men reported that they had been charged with a crime, and nearly half of those charged had been incarcerated. Men with DD-RCBD were more likely to have committed a felony and had a trend of committing more misdemeanors. Although women with DD-RCBD were less likely to have a criminal history than their male counterparts, they were far more likely to have a criminal history than were women in the general population. Implications from this pilot study include the need for earlier identification of bipolar disorder and for the increased availability of psychiatric and substance abuse services within correctional facilities.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1093-6793",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}