@article{ref1,
title="Crash involvements of 16-year-old drivers",
journal="Journal of safety research",
year="1997",
author="Ulmer, R. G. and Williams, Allan F. and Preusser, David F.",
volume="28",
number="2",
pages="97-103",
abstract="All reported crashes--property damage, nonfatal injury, and fatal--estimated for 1993 in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's General Estimates System were examined for 16-year-old drivers. Results were compared to the crash involvements of other teenagers, older drivers, and fatal injury crash involvements as tabulated by the Fatal Accident Reporting System. Sixteen-year-olds were more likely than other teenagers and older drivers to be involved in single-vehicle crashes, and to be in crashes between 6 p.m. and 11:59 p.m. They were also more likely to have been charged with a moving violation and to have been culpable for the crash. Sixteen-year-old drivers in crashes, compared with other teenage drivers, were proportionately more likely to be female and to be accompanied by other teenage passengers. These differences among 16-year-olds, other teenagers, and older drivers are also found when only fatal crashes are considered. Characteristics of the crashes of 16-year-olds can be used as a guide in establishing licensing policies for initial license holders.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0022-4375",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}