@article{ref1,
title="Bullying at school as a predictor of delinquency, violence and other anti-social behaviour in adulthood",
journal="Criminal behaviour and mental health",
year="2011",
author="Bender, Doris and Lösel, Friedrich",
volume="21",
number="2",
pages="99-106",
abstract="Background Although bullying at school is an important topic, its long-term relation to anti-social development is rarely investigated. Aim To study the relation between bullying in youth and anti-social outcomes in adulthood. Methods A group of 63 males (bullies and victims over-sampled) from the Erlangen-Nuremberg Bullying Study were investigated at ages 15 and 25. Bullying was assessed with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Outcome measures included self-reported delinquency, violence, aggressiveness, drug use, impulsivity and psychopathy. In addition to bivariate correlations, hierarchical regressions were used to control for family and individual risk factors. Results Bullying was a strong predictor of nearly all anti-social outcomes. Physical bullying was more predictive than verbal/indirect bullying. Controlling for family risks and externalising/internalising problems reduced effect sizes, but bullying remained a sound predictor. Victimisation was not related to anti-social outcomes. Conclusions Bullying seems to be a key risk marker for anti-social development. Therefore, studies on whole-school anti-bullying programmes and child-oriented or family-oriented strategies of crime prevention should be more integrated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0957-9664",
doi="10.1002/cbm.799",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.799"
}