@article{ref1,
title="Synthesis and mass spectrometric identification of the major amino acid adducts formed between sulphur mustard and haemoglobin in human blood",
journal="Archives of toxicology",
year="1997",
author="Noort, D. and Hulst, Albert G. and Trap, H. C. and de Jong, L. P. and Benschop, H. P.",
volume="71",
number="3",
pages="171-178",
abstract="As part of a program to develop methods for the verification of alleged exposure to sulphur mustard, we synthesized and characterized three amino acid adducts presumably formed by alkylation of haemoglobin: 4-(2-hydroxyethylthioethyl)-L-aspartate, 5-(2-hydroxyethylthioethyl)L-glutamate and N1- and N3-(2-hydroxyethylthioethyl)-L-histidine. Suitable derivatization methods for GC/MS analysis were developed for these adducts as well as for the cysteine and the N-terminal valine adduct. Incubation of human blood with [35S]sulfur mustard in vitro followed by acidic hydrolysis of isolated globin and derivatization with Fmoc-Cl afforded three radioactive peaks upon HPLC analysis, one of which coeluted with the synthetic Fmoc derivative of N1/N3-(2-hydroxyethylthioethyl)-L-histidine. After pronase digestion of globin the adducts of histidine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, cysteine and N-terminal valine could be tentatively identified and quantitated. Final identification was obtained from GC/MS analysis. The most abundant adduct, N1/N3-(2-hydroxyethylthioethyl)-L-histidine, could not be sensitively analysed by GC/MS. A convenient LC-tandem MS procedure was developed for this compound, enabling the detection of exposure of human blood to 10 microM sulphur mustard in vitro.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0340-5761",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}