@article{ref1,
title="Traumatic brain injury in a child psychiatry outpatient clinic: a controlled study",
journal="Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",
year="1997",
author="Max, J. E. and Dunisch, D. L.",
volume="36",
number="3",
pages="404-411",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the similarity of children with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly mild TBI, to matched children without such a history, within a child psychiatry outpatient clinic. METHOD: This is a chart review of patients presenting to a child psychiatry outpatient clinic over a 3-year period. Children with TBI were matched by age, sex, race, and social class to children with no history of TBI. Axis I and II diagnoses, use of special education services, and IQ scores were compared. RESULTS: Seventy-four (5.6%) of 1,333 consecutive clinic cases had a definite TBI. Of these, 64 were mild. Only 3 of 59 comparisons that were made between TBI and control subjects were significant. A developmental communication disorder cluster was significantly more frequent in the TBI group. Autism and a pervasive developmental disorder cluster were significantly more frequent in the control group. CONCLUSION: In a child psychiatry clinic, patients with a history of TBI are virtually indistinguishable from matched children without TBI. Caution should be exercised before attributing the child's problems, especially long-term problems, to the TBI unless the injury was severe or the child is exhibiting related phobic or posttraumatic stress symptomatology.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-8567",
doi="10.1097/00004583-199703000-00020",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199703000-00020"
}