Hostile, nationalistic habits must be broken down and co-operative international habits built up. (1) Peaceful, co-operative behavior must be consistently rewarded and militarism punished. As rewards, food and supplies can later be supplanted by ego gratifications and removal of armistice restraints. (2) Rewards will be more effective in the long run than punishment, and punishment must not be mere revenge. (3) The United Nations, through control of communications, must make clear to Axis peoples what behavior is being punished; otherwise the lesson will be ineffective. Likewise there should be clarification of our own errors that permitted War II. (4) Punishment should not be indiscriminate; differences within national groups should be recognized. (5) Emotional habits of prejudice and devotion are too strong to be removed by academic training. Postwar plans should be clarified now to encourage ego-identification of weak groups with a powerful international group. Co-operative victories should be stressed rather than national victories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)