@article{ref1,
title="The offset crash against a deformable barrier, a more realistic frontal impact",
journal="Proceedings: International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles",
year="1995",
author="Kallina, Ingo and Zeidler, F. and Baumann, K-h and Scheunert, D.",
volume="1995",
number="",
pages="1300-1304",
abstract="The passive safety of passenger cars in frontal collisions is usually assessed by means of crash tests against a flat or angled rigid barrier. With respect to the frequency of asymmetrical frontal impacts in real world accidents, the most important crash test at Mercedes-Benz is an offset test with 40% overlap at 55 km/h against the rigid barrier. The rigid barrier should be replaced by a deformable barrier to further increase the proximity to road accidents of this offset crash. It should simulate the yielding structure involved in a car-to-car crash but at the same time with better efficiency and higher reproducibility. Based on extensive research Mercedes-Benz has defined such a realistic test. Since the deformable element according to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 214 is well known and validated, it was chosen for this purpose. The force/deflection characteristics of the Honeycomb element represent the stiffness of the front end of a medium to large car. First results show that the vehicle deformation patterns are very similar to those found in real-world accidents. Another, also very important result is that the degree of overlap does not significantly influence the load on the occupants, in contrast to the tests against a rigid offset barrier.<p />",
language="",
issn="",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}