@article{ref1,
title="Prediction of thoracic injuries by means of accelerations, deflections and the viscous criteria derived from full-scale side-impacts",
journal="Proceedings: International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles",
year="1995",
author="Zobel, R. and Herrmann, R. and Wittmuess, A. and Zeidler, F.",
volume="1995",
number="",
pages="78-88",
abstract="In the document &quot;DOC.TRANS/SC1WP 29/GRSP/R 48&quot; a future European side-impact test procedure in addition to the existing United States Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 214 has been proposed. Besides the new &quot;EURO-SID&quot; dummy and instead of Thoracic Trauma Index (TTI) two new protection criteria are to be introduced: (1) the thorax compression (C); and (2) the viscous response (VC) defined by the rate sensitive torso compression. The German Forschungsgemeinschaft Automobiltechnik (FAT) carried out an additional analysis of the 1985 FAT/Heidelberg side impact test series. This case-by-case study produces meaningful compression versus time histories for the thorax. As seen in a previous FAT study the most influencing parameters are human factors like age and other anthropometrical dimensions. TTI, VC or C are of minor injury predictive quality. A reasonable estimate of thoracic and often associated abdominal injuries (hard thorax injuries) is given by the TTI. A single protection criterion for both thoracic and abdominal injuries is most appropriate in order to facilitate the procedure in compliance tests.<p />",
language="",
issn="",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}