@article{ref1,
title="Geometric compatibility in near side impact crashes",
journal="Proceedings: International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles",
year="2001",
author="Grzebieta, Raphael H. and Tingvall, Claes and Rechnitzer, G.",
volume="2001",
number="",
pages="10 p.-10 p.",
abstract="This paper investigates the issue of geometric incompatibility between vehicles involved in T-bone side impact crashes. Some illustrative examples and case histories are presented that clearly demonstrate how a bullet vehicle, with a high front bumper region and a raised bonnet with a very stiff facia, intrudes significantly into the soft section of a sedan shaped car resulting in severe head and chest trauma. Experimental results of two T-bone crash tests - a sedan car into a sedan car and a Four Wheel Drive (4WD) vehicle into a sedan car - are described. The paper also presents a MADYMO simulation of a tram impacting the side of a car demonstrating how head strike of the struck vehicle's near side occupant can result in severe head injury at speeds as low as 35 km/h. The authors conclude with some discussion of how the front of vehicles should be designed so as to eliminate the possibility of severe intrusion and head strike in such crashes.<p />",
language="",
issn="",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}