@article{ref1,
title="Adult seat belts: how safe are they for children?",
journal="Proceedings: International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles",
year="1996",
author="Henderson, Melinda and Brown, J. and Griffiths, M.",
volume="1996",
number="",
pages="1076-1093",
abstract="Investigation of crashes involving 121 children aged up to 14 in adult three-point lap/shoulder (lap/sash) belts showed that irrespective of age they were generally well protected even in severe frontal crashes, and none sustained belt-induced inertial neck injury. The prime cause of injury among these children was contact with the interior surfaces of the car, predominantly in side impacts. Lap-belted children sustained a higher proportion of belt-induced abdominal injuries and a similar proportion of head injuries despite mostly being seated in centre positions away from the side of the car. Sled tests with 18-month, three-year-old and six-year-old dummies produced data consistent with the conclusion that adding torso restraint slightly increases the risk of minor (AIS 1 or 2) neck injury, but has the major benefit of reducing the risk of serious head and abdominal injuries. The conclusion of this work is that adult lap/shoulder belts do not present a significant risk of injury to young children.<p />",
language="",
issn="",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}