@article{ref1,
title="Guidelines for use of sign control at intersections to reduce energy consumption",
journal="ITE journal",
year="1983",
author="Upchurch, J.",
volume="53",
number="1",
pages="7 p.-7 p.",
abstract="This article summarizes the results of a study which compared the effects of three types of signs (yield, two-way stop and four-way stop signs) for traffic control at intersections. The study is an economic analysis of the following costs: fuel cost; other vehicle operating costs; the cost of delay to the motorist passengers; air pollution cost; accident cost; and sign material, installation, and maintenance costs. Yield control is shown to be the most economical, and two-way stop control is shown to be more economical than four-way stop control in most, but not all, cases. It is concluded that nationwide intersection operating costs can be reduced by as much as $15.1 billion per year if sign controls are more efficiently applied through use of the improved guidelines.<p />",
language="",
issn="0162-8178",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}