@article{ref1,
title="Audible traffic signals: how useful are they?",
journal="ITE journal",
year="1988",
author="Uslan, M. and Peck, A. and Waddell, W.",
volume="58",
number="9",
pages="37-43",
abstract="This is a report of a controlled study of 27 blind persons who attempted to cross three intersections outfitted with audible pedestrian signals and one without. The legally blind persons were selected to provide a range of visual impairment, type of mobility aid, and age. Details of the method used are described. Details are given of the four study intersections that represented differing degrees of complexity and a variety of challenges to the visually impaired pedestrian. The results of the study are presented and discussed. The study found that audible signals aid blind pedestrians at complex intersections, but also pointed out the limitations associated with audible signals. It is noted that blind pedestrians have difficulty locating the proper pedestrian signal pole and push button. At complex intersections, audible signals require intensified listening, and the full advantage of aubidle signals can only be realized through instruction and practice in their use.<p />",
language="",
issn="0162-8178",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}