@article{ref1,
title="Use of animation in led pedestrian signals to improve pedestrian safety",
journal="IMSA journal",
year="1998",
author="Van Houten, Ron and Van Houten, J. and Malenfant, J. E. Louis and Retting, R.",
volume="36",
number="2",
pages="47-53",
abstract="Turning vehicles are a potential threat to pedestrians at intersections (Habib, 1980; Quaye, Leden & Hauer, 1993). Previous research has shown that signs, painted messages and auditory prompts can increase pedestrian observing behavior and reduce conflicts at intersections. Maybe the most economical and effective way to prompt pedestrians to look for turning vehicles is to include a prompt as part of the pedestrian signal. As a possible countermeasure, an experimental animated LED pedestrian signal was evaluated that included animated eyes that looked from side to side to prompt pedestrians to look for turning vehicles at the start of the WALK indication. The study was carried out at two busy signalized intersections in the downtown area of Clearwater, Florida.<p />",
language="",
issn="1064-2560",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}