@article{ref1,
title="Cervical spine injury in maxillofacial trauma",
journal="British journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery",
year="1997",
author="Lalani, Z. and Bonanthaya, K. M.",
volume="35",
number="4",
pages="243-245",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To find out the incidence of associated facial injuries and injuries to the cervical spine. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, India. SUBJECTS: 536 patients treated for maxillofacial injuries between January 1992 and November 1993. INTERVENTIONS: Review of hospital case notes and radiographs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Coexisting facial and cervical spine injuries, morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: 16 patients (3%) had sustained both facial and cervical spine injuries. There were 14 men (median age 40, range 21-64) and 2 women (aged 19 and 30). In 10 of the 16 patients the cause of the injury was a road traffic accident. In 11 patients the facial injury was to the soft tissue only, in 4 it was to both hard and soft tissue, and in 1 it was to hard tissue only. Soft tissue damage to the midface was more likely to be associated with injuries in the area of C5-7 and that to the lower third of the face was more likely to be associated with damage to the upper cervical spine. 11 patients had neurological deficits as a result of their injuries and 2 died. CONCLUSION: If diagnosis and treatment of simultaneous facial and cervical spine injuries are to be improved, further study of the biomechanics of injury is necessary.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0266-4356",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}