@article{ref1,
title="Treatment and outcomes for pediatric head injuries in Mississippi",
journal="Child's nervous system",
year="2011",
author="Hanigan, William and Giurintano, Christina and Hallstrom, Craig and Spinosa, Frances and Esposito, Domenic and Parent, Andrew and May, Warren",
volume="27",
number="4",
pages="583-590",
abstract="OBJECT: This report summarizes the treatments and outcomes of a large series of patients with pediatric head injuries (PHIs), who were admitted to a tertiary pediatric trauma center at the University of Mississippi Medical Center from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2006. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the Department of Neurosurgery's Brain Trauma Registry (BTR) on patients who are ≤16 years old. Data include Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and injury severity scores (ISS) on admission and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores at 6 months follow-up. RESULTS: The BTR registered 554 patients with accidental and nonaccidental PHIs. Follow-up was complete in 98.2%. Aggressive first-tier management with ventricular drainage was used to lower intracranial pressure. Vasopressors were used only to correct hypotension. Second-tier therapies were used infrequently. Craniectomies (14 patients) were associated with good outcomes (GOS 4-5) in nine patients; hypothermia (six patients) and barbiturate (four patients) therapies were ineffective. All 439 patients with ISS <25 showed good outcomes. Fifteen of 16 patients with GCS >8 and ISS ≥25 had good outcomes. In 134 patients with severe PHIs (GCS ≤8), all 45 with ISS <25 and 46 with ISS ≥25 showed good outcomes. Forty-three patients with GCS ≤8 and ISS ≥25 had poor outcomes. Of these patients, 38 died; 22 died within 3 days of admission. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that poor outcomes occurred only in PHIs with severe generalized trauma. While 28.4% of patients with GSC ≤8 died, more than half of these sustained nonsurvivable injuries. Aggressive medical management with ventricular drainage was the mainstay of therapy.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0256-7040",
doi="10.1007/s00381-010-1289-5",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-010-1289-5"
}