@article{ref1,
title="Recurrent personal memories during intoxication reported by patients with alcoholism",
journal="Psychological medicine",
year="1997",
author="Hoffman, R. E. and Esposito, R. and Rosen, M. and Rockholz, P.",
volume="27",
number="6",
pages="1441-1446",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Experimental studies have demonstrated that alcohol has state-dependent effects on learning and memory. We, therefore, sought to determine if alcohol intoxication triggers selective retrieval of memories which could alter patterns of alcohol use. METHODS: Eighteen alcoholic patients were studied as well as a comparison group of 12 patients who abused cocaine, a drug not associated with memory state-dependence. Patients underwent a semi-structured interview to elicit information about recurrent personal memories experienced when intoxicated. Recurrent memories experienced during craving were also studied as a comparison condition. RESULTS: The prevalence of recurrent personal memories during intoxication was reported to be much higher for alcoholic patients compared with the cocaine-abusing patients. These experiences occurred more frequently than during craving, generally reflected prior disturbing events and were often reported to promote continued drinking. CONCLUSIONS: The association of recurrently experienced personal memories with intoxication in alcoholic patients suggests, but does not establish, pharmacological state-dependence. Further studies of this memory phenomenon are indicated.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0033-2917",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}