@article{ref1,
title="Design and development of an unconstrained dynamic knee simulator",
journal="Journal of biomechanical engineering",
year="1993",
author="McLean, C. A. and Ahmed, A. M.",
volume="115",
number="2",
pages="144-148",
abstract="A dynamic knee simulator has been developed to allow in-vitro investigation of the mechanical response of the joint corresponding to dynamic functional activities, e.g., walking. In the simulator, the controlled inputs are the time-histories of three parameters of a given dynamic activity: the flexion angle, and the flexion/extension moment and tibial axial force components of the foot-to-floor reaction. A combination of stepping motors and electro-hydraulic actuators is used to apply to a knee specimen, simultaneously and independently, the specified load and/or displacement inputs while allowing unconstrained relative motion between the joint members. Satisfactory performance of the simulator has been established for walking gait conditions based on measurements on three fresh-frozen specimens.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0148-0731",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}