@article{ref1,
title="Torture rhabdomyorhexis--a pseudo-crush syndrome",
journal="Journal of trauma",
year="1995",
author="Rivkind, Avraham I. and Gimmon, Z. and Friedlaender, M. and Muggia, M. and Zamir, G. and Bloom, A. I.",
volume="38",
number="2",
pages="252-254",
abstract="Two patients who were systematically tortured and deprived of any oral intake presented with acute renal failure several days later. Unlike the classical crush syndrome, we describe a clinical entity wherein repeated direct muscle injury from blunt trauma, in addition to forced dehydration, led to myoglobinuria and renal failure. The literature is reviewed, and biochemical indices predicting severity of injury, pathophysiology, and management protocol are described. This pseudo-crush syndrome caused by rhabdomyorhexis in addition to rhabdomyolysis is an unusual entity, in part related to extreme sociopolitical factors.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-5282",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}