@article{ref1,
title="Postconcussive symptoms in craniofacial trauma",
journal="Journal of cranio-maxillofacial trauma",
year="1996",
author="Ozolins, M. and Parsons, O. and Ozolins, D. and Hunter, P. D.",
volume="2",
number="1",
pages="8-13",
abstract="In a private/institutional setting the prevalence of Postconcussive Syndrome (PCS) symptoms and related etiologic factors was surveyed in 122 concussion and other craniofacial trauma patients (mean age 32 years; 68% male) and 122 uninjured controls (mean age 21 years; 45% males). A Neurobehavioral Symptom Checklist was used to measure 44 self-related symptoms, summed to yield Overall Frequency; number of symptoms rated as 3 or 4 were also summed separately to yield High Frequency scores. The Concussion group had significantly greater Overall Frequency and High Frequency scores than the other patients and the controls. The Brain Damage group had significantly greater High Frequency (but not Overall Frequency) scores than the controls. The presence of litigation, unemployment, or middle-age yielded significantly greater Overall Frequency scores in the patients; these variables in the control group were not measured. The presence of craniofacial fractures had no effect. Results suggest PCS symptoms are greatest in concussion patients with the presence of litigation, unemployment or middle age, and are less affected by injury severity.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1074-3219",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}