@article{ref1,
title="Event-related potentials--neurophysiological tools for predicting emergence and early outcome from traumatic coma",
journal="Intensive care medicine",
year="1996",
author="Kane, N. M. and Curry, S. H. and Rowlands, C. A. and Manara, A. R. and Lewis, Terri and Moss, T. and Cummins, B. H. and Butler, S. R.",
volume="22",
number="1",
pages="39-46",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic value of multimodal evoked potentials (EPs) and event-related (ERPs) potentials in coma (Glasgow Coma Score <8), after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal study of neurophysiological responses recorded during traumatic coma. SETTING: Intensive Care Unit, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-four comatose TBI patients (age range 1-80 years, mean 36.4). METHODS: Neurophysiological responses were recorded from 11 scalp electrodes with earlobe reference. Conduction times were measured for brainstem auditory, flash visual and somatosensory, short-latency EPs. Peak latencies and amplitudes were determined for long-latency components of visual and auditory ERPs, generated by passive &quot;oddball&quot; paradigms. These neurophysiological and various clinical parameters were correlated with patient outcome using Pearson's coefficient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Three month Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Highly significant (P <0.001) correlations exist between long-latency ERP components and 3-month outcome. Short-latency EPs, brainstem (wave I-V) and somatosensory conduction times also correlate significantly with the GOS (P <0.01). Of the clinical measurements, pupillary response patterns, APACHE II and Glasgow Coma Scores (GCS) correlate significantly with outcome, as do the retrospective measures of duration of coma and post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) in survivors. Unfortunately, due to variance of long-latency responses, even in controls, absolute values cannot be relied upon as prognosticators. The presence of &quot;mismatch negativity&quot; predicted the return of consciousness (89.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity) and preceded changes in GCS. Its latency was the single best indicator of 90-day outcome from coma (r = -0.641).<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0342-4642",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}