@article{ref1,
title="ISSP: An Experiment in Multi-Systemic Responses to Persistent Young Offenders Known to Children's Services",
journal="British journal of criminology",
year="2004",
author="Little, Michelle and Kogan, J and Bullock, Ross and van der Laan, P",
volume="44",
number="2",
pages="225-240",
abstract="ISSP is a multi-systemic intervention for persistent young offenders delivered jointly by police, social services and education. Based on a Netherlands programme, a variation of the approach has been widely adopted in England and Wales. The intervention has seven components including close supervision by police, family group conferences, multi-agency reviews and opportunities for reparation and mentoring. To qualify, young people need at least three convictions or cautions, to be aged 15-17 and to have experienced custody or a failed community sentence. Candidates were randomly allocated to either ISSP or two control groups. As hypothesized, reconviction rates were unaffected by the intervention but there was a 30 to 50 per cent reduction in the volume of crime committed by ISSP participants. No particular aspect of the programme was associated with success suggesting a general placebo effect. Lessons for the planning and administration of such projects and the need for improved epidemiological data about persistent offenders are indicated.<p />",
language="",
issn="0007-0955",
doi="10.1093/bjc/44.2.225",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/44.2.225"
}