@article{ref1,
title="Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia associated with traumatic brain injury: a single-case experimental design",
journal="Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
year="2007",
author="Ouellet, Marie-Christine and Morin, Charles M.",
volume="88",
number="12",
pages="1581-1592",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia in persons having sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Single-case design with multiple baselines across participants. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation center. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven subjects having sustained mild to severe TBI who developed insomnia after the injury. INTERVENTION: Eight-week CBT for insomnia including stimulus control, sleep restriction, cognitive restructuring, sleep hygiene education, and fatigue management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total wake time, sleep efficiency, and diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: Visual analyses, corroborated by intervention time series analyses and t tests, revealed clinically and statistically significant reductions in total wake time and sleep efficiency for 8 (73%) of 11 participants. An average reduction of 53.9% in total wake time was observed across participants from pre- to post-treatment. Progress was in general well maintained at the 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. The average sleep efficiency augmented significantly from pretreatment (77.2%) to post-treatment (87.9%), and also by the 3-month follow-up (90.9%). Improvements in sleep were accompanied by a reduction in symptoms of general and physical fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that psychologic interventions for insomnia are a promising therapeutic avenue for TBI survivors.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-9993",
doi="10.1016/j.apmr.2007.09.006",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.09.006"
}