@article{ref1,
title="Ingestion of caustic cosmetic products",
journal="Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery",
year="1993",
author="Stenson, Kristina and Gruber, B.",
volume="109",
number="5",
pages="821-825",
abstract="Twelve children over a 6-year period (1985 to 1991) underwent aerodigestive tract endoscopy after ingestion of lye-containing cosmetic products. All children were less than 2 years of age and had facial and/or oral cavity burns. Eleven of these patients ingested alkaline hair products such as &quot;activators&quot; or &quot;relaxers.&quot; Endoscopy revealed pharyngeal burns in five patients but no laryngeal or esophageal burns in any patient. Erythema of the esophageal mucosa was seen in one patient. One patient ingested a solution used in fingernail decorating. This patient sustained extensive superficial burns of the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus and required intubation and admission to the intensive care unit. No long-term sequelae developed. Cosmetic products containing caustic chemicals represent a significant health risk to small children, especially because child-proof packaging is not standard for these products.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0194-5998",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}