@article{ref1,
title="Precursors of hyperactivity and aggression",
journal="Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",
year="1993",
author="Sanson, A. and Smart, D. and Prior, M. and Oberklaid, Frank",
volume="32",
number="6",
pages="1207-1216",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the early characteristics of children who at 8 years old were hyperactive, aggressive, or both, to clarify the etiology of these disorders. METHOD: Prospective data from infancy to 8 years on children who were hyperactive (N = 65), aggressive (N = 57), or both (N = 60) at 8 years were compared with those on a normal comparison group (N = 70). Variables included ratings of temperament, behavior, school performance, and socioeconomic and life stress indices. RESULTS: The two aggressive groups, particularly the hyperactive-aggressive group, were more difficult in temperament and behavior from infancy and had less optimal environments. In contrast, the &quot;pure&quot; hyperactive group showed more problems than did the comparison group only from 3 to 4 years on. All three clinical groups had poorer academic performance than did the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with a transactional model of development in which aggression (with or without hyperactivity) emerges when difficultness in infancy interacts with a stressed environment. Hyperactivity, when unassociated with aggression, may emerge later from poor self-regulation when faced with societal, especially school, demands. The pattern of group differences found suggest that risk indicators for specific patterns of later maladjustment may be identifiable for early intervention.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-8567",
doi="10.1097/00004583-199311000-00014",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199311000-00014"
}