@article{ref1,
title="Bubble formation and decompression sickness on direct ascent from shallow air saturation diving",
journal="Aviation, space, and environmental medicine",
year="1993",
author="Ikeda, Tomoko and Okamoto, Y. and Hashimoto, A.",
volume="64",
number="2",
pages="121-125",
abstract="To find the minimum supersaturation pressure for detectable bubble formation and for contraction of decompression sickness (DCS), three shallow air saturation dives at the depth of 6 m, 7 m, and 8 m were performed. The ultrasonic M-mode method was used for detecting bubbles. The exposure period was 3 d for all dives. Ten subjects were compressed to both 6 m and 7 m, and nine subjects were compressed to 8 m. One bubble streak was shown in the 6-m dive group. A small number of bubbles were seen in four subjects in the 7-m dive. All subjects in the 8-m dive presented various amounts of bubbles. DCS was not observed in the 6-m and 7-m dives. On the other hand, in the 8-m dive, four subjects suffered from DCS and required recompression treatment. The minimum depth for detectable bubble formation was assessed at around 6 m and the direct ascent from saturation at 8 m seems to have a high risk of DCS.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0095-6562",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}