@article{ref1,
title="A normal ano-genital exam: sexual abuse or not?",
journal="Journal of Pediatric Health Care",
year="2010",
author="Hornor, Gail",
volume="24",
number="3",
pages="145-151",
abstract="Sexual abuse is a problem of epidemic proportions in the United States. Pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) are at the forefront of providing care to children and families. The PNP is in a unique position to educate patients and families regarding sexual abuse and dispel common myths associated with sexual abuse. One such myth is that a normal ano-genital examination is synonymous with the absence of sexual abuse. This article will provide primary care providers, including PNPs, with a framework for understanding why a normal ano-genital examination does not negate the possibility of sexual abuse/assault. Normal ano-genital anatomy, changes that occur with puberty, and physical properties related to the genitalia and anus will be discussed. Photos will provide visualization of both normal variants of the pre-pubertal hymen and genitalia as well as changes that occur with puberty. Implications for practice for PNPs will be discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0891-5245",
doi="10.1016/j.pedhc.2008.10.007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2008.10.007"
}