@article{ref1,
title="The Influence of Drinking Pattern, at Individual and Aggregate Levels, on Alcohol-Related Negative Consequences",
journal="European addiction research",
year="2010",
author="Astudillo, M. and Kuntsche, Sandra and Graham, Kathryn and Gmel, Gerhard",
volume="16",
number="3",
pages="115-123",
abstract="Aim: To determine the extent drinking patterns (at the individual and country level) are associated with alcohol-related consequences over and above the total alcohol the person consumes. Methods: Hierarchical linear models were estimated based on general population surveys conducted in 18 countries participating in the GENACIS project. Results: In general, the positive association between drinking pattern scores and alcohol-related consequences was found at both the individual and country levels, independent of volume of drinking. In addition, a significant interaction effect indicated that the more detrimental the country's drinking pattern, the less steep the association between the volume of drinking and its consequences. Conclusion: Drinking patterns have an independent impact on consequences over and above the relationship between volume and consequences.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1022-6877",
doi="10.1159/000303379",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000303379"
}