@article{ref1,
title="Photoelastic analysis of stress waves in building subjected to vertical impact under laboratory earthquake experiments",
journal="International journal of impact engineering",
year="2009",
author="Hayasi, Ryoei and Masuda, Yoshiharu and Hashimoto, Satoko and Kuriyama, Shinhou",
volume="36",
number="9",
pages="1150-1155",
abstract="In an earthquake occurring directly under a city, the vertical impact induced from the source may cause a large amount of damage to a column and beam of the building. Model-based simulations are carried out with photoelastic material in order to examine the effect of a vertical impact on the building in the case of a near-field type earthquake. The dynamic photoelastic method combined with strain gages is utilized to conduct direct full field and real time observations of stress waves in a building due to vertical impact in laboratory earthquake experiments. The conditions under which vertical impact loading is applied to the model building in a controlled laboratory environment are derived from the data recorded for the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake in Japan. The experimental apparatus with which an impact of a longitudinal stress pulse is able to be applied to a model of a real building is shown. It is estimated from our earthquake simulations that large dynamic stress concentrations are produced in the beam-column joints of the building by the vertical impact arising from a seismic source located directly below a surface.<p />",
language="",
issn="0734-743X",
doi="10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.03.003",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.03.003"
}