@article{ref1,
title="Planning blowing-snow control facilities according to danger assessment: development of a new highway snowstorm countermeasure manual",
journal="Transportation research circular",
year="2004",
author="Ito, Yasuhiko and Matsuzawa, Masaru and Kajiya, Yasuhiko",
volume="",
number="E-C063",
pages="158-166",
abstract="To maintain road traffic flow and safety in cold regions, it is particularly important to mitigate the visibility reduction and snowdrift formation induced by blowing snow. The &quot;Highway Snowstorm Countermeasure Manual,&quot; which was first published in 1990, addresses snowy roads in Japan, but it has neither included specific planning guidelines for blowing-snow countermeasures nor addressed blowing-snow countermeasures for new roads in the road planning stage. In an effort toward developing systematic and efficient installation of blowing-snow control facilities, a planning method has been devised in which the degree of blowing-snow-induced danger is assessed numerically, plans for blowing-snow control measures are formulated according to a new procedure, the proper countermeasures are selected according to a detailed flowchart, and surveys for snow- and ice-related facilities are specified. This method is included in the newest revision of the &quot;Highway Snowstorm Countermeasure Manual,&quot; where it is expected to be instrumental in helping road administrators in Hokkaido and other snowy regions of Japan to select and implement blowing-snow countermeasures for roads.<p />",
language="",
issn="0097-8515",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}