@article{ref1,
title="Developmental psychopathology in suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescent girls",
journal="Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",
year="1993",
author="Borst, S. R. and Noam, Gil G.",
volume="32",
number="3",
pages="501-508",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This study presents two distinct profiles of female suicide attempters based on social-cognitive development and investigates the relationship of both developmental and suicide risk variables in these profiles. METHOD: The sample included 139 girls, aged 13-16, admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Patients were divided into four groups based on their suicidal status (attempter/nonsuicidal) and ego development (preconformist/conformist level). RESULTS: Results support two developmental types of female suicide attempters that differed significantly on symptomatology, diagnoses, and defensive style. Preconformist attempters, the &quot;angry-defiant&quot; suicidal type, present with both depression and aggression as well as externalizing defense mechanisms. Conformist attempters, the &quot;self-blaming&quot; suicidal type, present with depression, and use more internalizing defenses to cope with conflict. Comparing suicide attempters and nonsuicidal girls, depression was found to be a risk factor for suicide at all developmental levels. Defense mechanisms were only associated with suicide at the preconformist developmental level. CONCLUSIONS: Social-cognitive development has an important impact on the expression of suicidal behavior in adolescent girls.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-8567",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}