@article{ref1,
title="Bidirectional grapheme-phoneme activation in a bimodal detection task",
journal="Journal of experimental psychology: human perception and performance",
year="1993",
author="Dijkstra, T. and Frauenfelder, U. H. and Schreuder, R.",
volume="19",
number="5",
pages="931-950",
abstract="A divided attention paradigm was used to investigate whether graphemes and phonemes can mutually activate or inhibit each other during bimodal processing. In 3 experiments, Dutch subjects reacted to visual and auditory targets in single-channel or bimodal stimuli. In some bimodal conditions, the visual and auditory targets were nominally identical or redundant (e.g., visual A and auditory /a/); in others they were not (e.g., visual U and auditory /a/). Temporal aspects of cross-modal activation were examined by varying the stimulus onset asynchrony of visual and auditory stimuli. Cross-modal facilitation--but not inhibition--occurred rapidly and automatically between phoneme and grapheme representations. Implications for current models of bimodal processing and word recognition are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0096-1523",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}