@article{ref1,
title="Anogenital warts in prepubertal children; sexual abuse or not?",
journal="International journal of STD and AIDS",
year="1993",
author="Handley, J. and Dinsmore, W. and Maw, R. and Corbett, Richard and Burrows, D. and Bharucha, H. and Swann, A. and Bingham, A.",
volume="4",
number="5",
pages="271-279",
abstract="Forty-two prepubertal children presenting with anogenital (AG) warts (15 boys and 27 girls) were prospectively followed up (mean 15.9 months, SD 12.24). Most (73.8%) of these children had perianal condylomatous-type warts and 11 (26.2%) had concurrent non-genital (NG) warts. None had any other AG infections or sexually transmitted disease (STD). Twelve (28.6%) children acquired their AG warts by vertical transmission from an infected maternal birth canal, 3 (7.1%) by autoinoculation from common hand warts and 2 children (4.8%) through sexual abuse. In the remaining 25 children (59.5%) mode of acquisition of AG warts was uncertain but not thought to be sexual. Human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA (types 6/11, 16/18 or 31,33,35-31+) was detected in 10/32 (31.3%) of AG warts biopsied from these children, types 6/11 in the majority of positive biopsies (9/10). Detection of HPV DNA (types 6/11, 16/18 or 31+) in a child's AG warts was significantly associated with either vertical or sexual transmission (P < 0.02). Thirty-one children had their warts treated with a combination of scissor excision and electrocautery under general anaesthesia. Warts recurred in 10 (31.4%) of these children all within 4 months following treatment. Spontaneous resolution of AG warts was seen in 9 (21.4%) children. Of 42 children with AG warts 10 (23.8%) had at least one adult family member with AG warts, 13 (36.9%) on adult family member with another AG infection or STD, and 23 (62.2%) had a mother with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Twenty (47.6%) of these children had a family member with NG warts.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0956-4624",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}