@article{ref1,
title="Designs that lacked inherent safety: case histories",
journal="Journal of hazardous materials",
year="2003",
author="Sanders, Roy E.",
volume="104",
number="1-3",
pages="149-161",
abstract="The fundamentals of Inherently Safer Design were  not fully appreciated in the initial design (or re-design) in the following  series of case histories. Two case histories involving the basic element of  plant layout to minimize property damages and injury will be covered first.  Simple physical separation could have reduced the losses. A case history that  occurred in a bulk chemical terminal tank farm will highlight designs which  allowed incompatible chemicals to react, create a fire and a lingering toxic gas  release. The combination of these chemicals caused equipment damage in one case  and a threat to the public in another case. This paper will conclude with case  histories involving poor piping design or poorly identified piping systems,  which needlessly resulted in expensive repairs.Exercising the principles of  inherent safety would have reduced the severity and perhaps the opportunity of  these events. We must employ the techniques of inherent safety to improve our  performance.",
language="",
issn="0304-3894",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}