@article{ref1,
title="Modern sports eye injuries",
journal="British journal of ophthalmology",
year="2003",
author="Capao Filipe, J. A. and Rocha-Sousa, A. and Falcão-Reis, Fernando M. and Castro-Correia, J.",
volume="87",
number="11",
pages="1336-1339",
abstract="AIMS: To determine the severity and long term  sequelae of eye injuries caused by modern sports that could be responsible for  significant ocular trauma in the future. METHODS: Prospective observational  study of 24 (25 eyes) athletes with sports related ocular injuries from health  clubs, war games, adventure, radical and new types of soccer, presenting to an  eye emergency department between 1992 and 2002 (10 years). RESULTS: Modern  sports were responsible for 8.3% of the 288 total sports eye injuries reported.  Squash (29.2%) was the most common cause, followed by paintball (20.8%) and  motocross (16.6%). The most common diagnosis during the follow up period was  retinal breaks (20%). 18 (75%) patients sustained a severe injury. The final  visual acuity remained <20/100 in two paintball players. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular  injuries resulting from modern sports are often severe. Adequate instruction of  the participants in the games, proper use of eye protectors, and a routine  complete ophthalmological examination after an eye trauma should be  mandatory.",
language="",
issn="0007-1161",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}