@article{ref1,
title="Computational model of the pregnant occupant: predicting the risk of injury in automobile crashes",
journal="American journal of obstetrics and gynecology",
year="2003",
author="Moorcroft, David M. and Stitzel, Joel D. and Duma, Greg G. and Duma, Stefan M.",
volume="189",
number="2",
pages="540-544",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to create a  computational model of the pregnant occupant of a motor vehicle to predict fetal  outcome in crashes. STUDY DESIGN: A finite element uterine model of a 7-month  pregnant woman was created and integrated into a multibody human model.  Unrestrained, three-point belt, and three-point belt plus airbag tests were  simulated at speeds that ranged from 13 to 55 km per hour. RESULTS: Peak uterine  strain, as determined by the model, correlated well with the risk of fetal  death, as determined by investigations of car crashes. The strain in the uterine  wall exceeded the limits of the tissue in simulations of no restraint at 35 km  per hour and three-point belt tests at 45 and 55 km per hour. The safest  restraint for the pregnant driver is the combination three-point belt and  airbag. CONCLUSION: The model is a good first step toward the prediction of the  risk of fetal death and verified experimental findings that note the importance  of proper restraint use for the pregnant occupant.",
language="",
issn="0002-9378",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}