@article{ref1,
title="Characteristics of velocity profiles of speech movements",
journal="Journal of experimental psychology: human perception and performance",
year="1985",
author="Munhall, K. G. and Ostry, D. J. and Parush, A.",
volume="11",
number="4",
pages="457-474",
abstract="The control of individual speech gestures was investigated by examining laryngeal and tongue movements during vowel and consonant production. A number of linguistic manipulations known to alter the durational characteristics of speech (i.e., speech rate, lexical stress, and phonemic identity) were tested. In all cases a consistent pattern was observed in the kinematics of the laryngeal and tongue gestures. The ratio of maximum instantaneous velocity to movement amplitude, a kinematic index of mass-normalized stiffness, was found to increase systematically as movement duration decreased. Specifically, the ratio of maximum velocity to movement amplitude varied as a function of a parameter, C, times the reciprocal of movement duration. The conformity of the data to this relation indicates that durational change is accomplished by scalar adjustment of a base velocity form. These findings are consistent with the idea that kinematic change is produced by the specification of articulator stiffness.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0096-1523",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}