@article{ref1,
title="Sensory and cognitive factors in judgments of loudness",
journal="Journal of experimental psychology: human perception and performance",
year="1979",
author="Marks, L. E.",
volume="5",
number="3",
pages="426-443",
abstract="One thousand Hertz tones were presented at equal or unequal intensities to the two ears. In a binaural-summation experiment, the presentation of components was simultaneous, the auditory system integrated the components automatically, and the subjects judged the loudness of the unitary sensation. In two cognitive-summation experiments, the presentation of components was successive, and the subjects had to integrate the two sensations consciously to judge their &quot;total loudness.&quot; Results of all three experiments are consistent with models of linear summation of &quot;loudness,&quot; but the loudness scales differ in the two tasks: The scales that underlie binaural summation and cognitive summation are nonlinearly related. This outcome suggests two nested processes: First, the auditory system transduces stimulus energy to loudness sensations by means of a nonlinear function; second, tasks that require subjects to judge combinational relations between sensations may impose additional nonlinear transformations on the sensations before the latter are combined.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0096-1523",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}