@article{ref1,
title="Some determinants of the reinforcing and punishing effects of timeout",
journal="Journal of applied behavior analysis",
year="1977",
author="Solnick, J. V. and Rincover, A. and Peterson, C. M.",
volume="10",
number="3",
pages="415-424",
abstract="Some determinants of the reinforcing and punishing properties of timeout were investigated in two experiments. Experiment I began as an attempt to reduce the frequency of tantrums in a 6-yr-old autistic girl by using timeout. Unexpectedly, the result was a substantial increase in the frequency of tantrums. Using a reversal design, subsequent manipulations showed that the opportunity to engage in self-stimulatory behavior during the timeout period was largely responsible for the increase in tantrums. Experiment II was initiated following the failure of timeout to reduce the spitting and self-injurious behavior of a 16-yr-old retarded boy. Using a multiple-baseline design, the nature of the timein environment was shown to be an important determinant of the effects of timeout. When the timein environment was &quot;enriched&quot;, timeout was effective as a punisher. A conception of timeout in terms of the relative reinforcing properties of timein and timeout and their clinical implications are discussed.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-8855",
doi="10.1901/jaba.1977.10-415",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1977.10-415"
}