@article{ref1,
title="Increased deep sleep in a medication-free, detoxified female offender with schizophrenia, alcoholism and a history of attempted homicide: effect of concomitant administration of quetiapine and citalopram",
journal="Criminal behaviour and mental health",
year="2006",
author="Lindberg, Nina and Tani, Pekka and Takala, Pirjo and Sailas, Eila and Putkonen, Hanna and Eronen, Markku and Virkkunen, Matti",
volume="16",
number="1",
pages="60-66",
abstract="BACKGROUND: An increased amount of deep sleep has been shown to be associated with antisocial personality disorder. This phenomenon has also been observed in a habitually violent female offender with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. AIM: To evaluate sleep patterns in this patient and compare them with those of healthy, pro-social women of similar age, and in the same patient over time after treatment. METHOD: Multiple measures of sleep were taken over two consecutive nights with the presenting patient and with three age-matched healthy women. One year after the patient was established on atypical antipsychotic (quetiapine), and antidepressant (SSRI) medication (citalopram) her sleep evaluation was repeated. In each case only the second night's recordings were used in analyses. RESULTS: The patient differed significantly from the three healthy women on most sleep measures. After a year on the medication, the patient's sleep had improved and the non-REM sleep measures had come into the normal range. She had also shown a sustained clinical and behavioural improvement. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The literature suggests that both drugs had a part to play in the improvements in sleep, symptomatology and behaviour. The possibility that improvement in deep sleep is secondary to citalopram and that it is this that was specifically associated with violence reduction seems worthy of further study.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0957-9664",
doi="10.1002/cbm.51",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.51"
}