@article{ref1,
title="Anger, aggression, and self-harm in PTSD and complex PTSD",
journal="Journal of clinical psychology (Hoboken)",
year="2009",
author="Dyer, Kevin F. W. and Dorahy, Martin J. and Hamilton, G. and Corry, Mary and Shannon, Michael and Macsherry, Anne and McRobert, Geordie and Elder, Randy and McElhill, Bridie",
volume="65",
number="10",
pages="1099-1114",
abstract="This study examined the contribution of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and symptomatology to the difficulties of anger, aggression, and self-harm in a Northern Ireland clinical community sample. A &quot;current complex PTSD&quot; (CCPTSD) group (n=11) was compared with a &quot;current PTSD&quot; group (n=31) on self-report measures of these variables. The CCPTSD group demonstrated significantly higher levels of physical aggression and self-harm than the PTSD group. The complex PTSD symptom of 'alterations in self-perception' was a significant predictor of aggression and history of self-harm, suggesting the potential role of posttraumatic shame and self-loathing in PTSD theoretical models of these destructive behaviors. Social desirability was a notable confounding influence in the assessment of anger, aggression, and self-harm in traumatised individuals. <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-9762",
doi="10.1002/jclp.20619",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20619"
}