@article{ref1,
title="The Built Environment and Traffic Safety",
journal="Journal of planning literature",
year="2009",
author="Ewing, R. and Dumbaugh, E.",
volume="23",
number="4",
pages="347-367",
abstract="The article reaches two conclusions counter to accepted transportation engineering theory. First, the traffic environments of dense urban areas appear to be safer than the lower-volume environments of the suburbs. The reason is that many fewer miles are driven on a per capita basis, and the driving that is done is at lower speeds that are less likely to produce fatal crashes. Second, at least in dense urban areas, less-&quot;forgiving&quot; design treatments—such as narrow lanes, traffic-calming measures, and street trees close to the roadway—appear to enhance a roadway's safety performance when compared to more conventional roadway designs. The reason for this apparent anomaly may be that less-forgiving designs provide drivers with clear information on safe and appropriate operating speeds.<p />",
language="",
issn="0885-4122",
doi="10.1177/0885412209335553",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412209335553"
}