@article{ref1,
title="Current and former ecstasy users report different sleep to matched controls: a web-based questionnaire study",
journal="Journal of psychopharmacology",
year="2009",
author="Wilson, SJ and Munafò, M and Nutt, D. J. and Carhart-Harris, RL",
volume="23",
number="3",
pages="249-257",
abstract="This study sought to test the association between ecstasy-use and abnormal sleep. An anonymous web-based questionnaire containing questions on drug use and sleep was completed by 1035 individuals. From this large sample, a group of 89 ecstasy users were found who reported very little use of other drugs. This &quot;ecstasy-only&quot; group was further divided into two groups of 31 current users and 58 abstinent users. The subjective sleep of current and former ecstasy-only users was compared with that of matched controls. Patients were asked to rate their sleep according to: 1) sleep quality, 2) sleep latency, 3) night time awakenings and 4) total sleep time. Current ecstasy-only users reported significantly worse sleep quality (P < 0.05) and a greater total sleep time (P < 0.001) than controls. It was inferred that these differences might be due to recovery from the acute effects of the drug. Abstinent ecstasy-only users reported significantly more nighttime awakenings than controls (P < 0.01). These subjective findings are in agreement with the objective findings of previous studies showing persistent sleep abnormalities in ecstasy users.<p />",
language="",
issn="0269-8811",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}