@article{ref1,
title="The Contextual Determinants of Whites? Racial Attitudes in England",
journal="British journal of political science",
year="2009",
author="Bowyer, Benjamin T.",
volume="39",
number="03",
pages="559-586",
abstract="How do majority group members in emerging multicultural and multiracial societies respond to the experience of living amidst ethnic diversity? Recent public opinion surveys are analysed to assess the contextual determinants of English whites’ opinions towards ethnic minorities and immigrants. Multilevel analyses reveal that whites’ racial hostility is affected by local ethnic context; however, the direction of this effect depends on which ethnic minority groups reside in the area. Consistent with the contact hypothesis, whites who live in neighbourhoods with relatively large black populations display lower levels of racial hostility than respondents with few black neighbours. However, in line with racial threat theory, residential proximity to Pakistanis and Bangladeshis is associated with more negative attitudes towards ethnic minorities.<p />",
language="",
issn="0007-1234",
doi="10.1017/S0007123409000611",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123409000611"
}