@article{ref1,
title="New insights into the comorbidity between ADHD and major depression in adolescent and young adult females",
journal="Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",
year="2008",
author="Biederman, J. and Ball, Sarah W. and Monuteaux, Michael C. and Mick, Eric and Spencer, T. J. and McCreary, Michelle and Côté, Michelle and Faraone, Stephen V.",
volume="47",
number="4",
pages="426-434",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depression (MD) in adolescent and young adult females. METHOD: Subjects were females with (n = 140) and without (n = 122) ADHD ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric settings. Subjects were followed prospectively for 5 years into adolescence and young adulthood and reassessed in multiple nonoverlapping domains including psychiatric, cognitive, interpersonal, family, and educational functioning. RESULTS: Females with ADHD had a 2.5 times higher risk for MD at adolescent follow-up compared with control females, adjusting for psychiatric comorbidity. MD in females with ADHD was associated with an earlier age at onset, greater than twice the duration, more severe depression-associated impairment, a higher rate of suicidality, and a greater likelihood of requiring psychiatric hospitalization than MD in control girls. Parental MD and proband mania were significant predictors of MD among females with ADHD, independently of other predictors. CONCLUSIONS: MD emerging in the context of ADHD in females is an impairing and severe comorbidity worthy of further clinical and scientific considerations.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-8567",
doi="10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816429d3",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816429d3"
}