@article{ref1,
title="Problems in Large-Scale Social Economic Systems",
journal="Journal of peace research",
year="1978",
author="Gottinger, Hans W.",
volume="15",
number="2",
pages="131-151",
abstract="This paper attempts to show how complexity can defeat the analysis, prediction and control of large-scale dynamic systems. Some characteristics and facets of complexity are explored, and three research strategies are discussed which lead to a satisfactory treatment of complexity in dynamic systems. The research strategies relate to (i) the control-theoretic, hierarchical approach, (ii) the design-oriented, algebraic approach, (iii) models using catastrophe theory. The virtues of these approaches are compared, and some practical difficulties in dealing with complex systems are discussed.<p />",
language="",
issn="0022-3433",
doi="10.1177/002234337801500203",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234337801500203"
}